-40pt ASSURE: Authentication Scheme for SecURE -5ptEnergy Efficient Non-Volatile Memories

Data tampering attacks threaten data integrity in emerging nonvolatile memories (NVMs). Whereas Merkle Tree (MT) memory authentication is e ective in thwarting data tampering attacks, it drastically increases cell writes and memory accesses, adversely impacting NVM energy, lifetime, and system performance. We propose ASSURE, a low overhead, high performance Authentication Scheme for SecURE energy e cient (ASSURE) NVMs. ASSURE synergistically integrates (i) smartmessage authentication codes (SMACs), which eliminate redundant cell writes by enabling MAC computation of only modi ed words on memory writes, with (ii) multi-root MTs (MMTs), which reduceMT reads/writes by constructing high performance static MMTs (SMMTs) or low overhead dynamic MMTs (DMMTs) over frequently accessed memory regions.